Electric heater



sept. 7,19f26; u 1,598,753

E. W. SPCKMAN ELECTRIC HEATER Filed March 23, 1925 IHVISHTOF?D Emil W packman) i Patentednsept. 71, l1,926.

AUNITED srafrask i SPACXIAN, OF INDIANAPOLIS, INDIANA.

nLEcriuc HEATER.

effective transfer of heat to the room to be heated is /had with the lowest possible cost of operation.v p In accomplishing such an object, it is my l purpose to provide the electric element in a form adapted for vuse in either a portable stove for carrying from one roomto -an other, a fixed stove, or a furnace of thefull circulating air typenow in common usage and well known construction. ,g

All electric heating devices that.. I am aware of depend upon conduction or radiation andnot iupon, convection. It is well known thatinheating a space occupied by persons, that less heat is required and 'more comfort is secured when the air within that space is moving and not stationary.v Myde-` vice heats the air in tle space by convection,

depending entirely upon the circulation of the lir to convey the heat to the space de'- -sire A'frther purpose of my invention is to provide alow-temperature heating element whereby the oxygen and moisture in the air 0 current is not diminished such that amore healthful atmosphere is created.

, Minor objects lie in the feature' of inter `c'hangeability of the electrical heatingunitwith old types of heating units, the simplicf 85 ity of construction, the cheapness of production. the extreme durability and the easy control of the' heat.

4I accomplish -these and such other objects as ma be apparentin the accompanying descriptlon, by the means as shown in the accompanying drawing, in 'which- Y .Flgn 1 is a top plan view of my electrical heating unit;.Fig. 2, a vertical Jsection of the heating unit taken on the line 2 2 in Fi 1 Fig. 3, a side elevation of an individua element of the heating unit; Fig. 4, a wiring diagram of the heating unit; Fig. 5 a portable stove with fra ents removed;

Like characters of reference. indicate like parts throughout the several views.

I form a supporting base by joining the two bars 8 by the end pieces 9. The indi- 5 vidual' elements 1'0, as shown in Fig. 3, are

end pieces 9.. I have lhere shown the ele-l the-elements 10 be held vertically and spaced v and Fig. 6, a diagrammatic view of aA furl0 nace employing my heating unit.

appntatmn med xarcn'zs, 1925. Vserial No. 17,579.

spaced apart and rest'on the bars 8, as in Figs. 1 and 2, and arethere secured by the top bar 11 bearingon the top edges of the elements 10 and secured by each end to the 6ov ments 10to be'five in number to make the complete unit, but this number may be varied to meet the required amount of heat desired. I havey also-'shown one form of. holding the elements 1 0 by means of the slots formed in the bars 8 and the top bar 11 and clamping the elements therebetween. This structure may bevaried to assume a number of forms. The principal feature is that apart to define lues of substantial height between for the upward passage of air.

Each element 10^is madeiof a non-conducting material, .preferably porcelain, and carries on its Alower section, the resistance wire 12'of such length and diameter thatwith the circuit employed, the wire 12 will-at no time be so hot as to have even a visible red4 cated in Fig. 4 where the elements are all in 30 parallel, when no intermediate heat control between the on and olf conditions is wanted. To effect suchV an intermediate control, the diagrammay be varied to place part or all of the elements 10 in a series and parallel circuit with the proper switch control in the usual and well known manner of so regulating the flow of electricity.

The wires leading from the4 elements 10 are brought to the terminals 13, Fig. 2, from which wires may be ledto the control switch 14 such. as is indicated in Fig. 5.

` The unit as shown in Fig. 1 is so formed as to fit lreadily with a circular housing 15 such that a column of air of appreciable height is defined within and above the unit. As the unit is entirely open at the bottom except for the supporting bars 8 and 9,.andthe top of the housing 15 is also open, being covered in the usual manner Vby an opener perforate' grate, a current of air will flowthrough the housing 15 as indicated by the arrows, Fig.

the conducting pipe 19 and back into the room to complete the circuit of the air 'current.

It will be noted that the air is setin motion by means of irst heating a plurality of small columns of air and that as the air continues to move itcarries the heat by convection to the roomndesired to be heated. No dependence is placed upon an incandescent body radiating heat. Further attention is (alled to the fact that by confining the resistence wires 12 to a comparatively limited space at the lower end of each element, and to the proximity of the Wires l2 on the adjacent elcment, the amount of heat is concentrated or built up so as to be most effective in setting the air n motion. As the wires are kept at comparatively low temperatures the total elective heat would be less, were the wires spread out over the element or otherwise .more Widely separated.

In an electric heater, a housing having an appreciable height and having openings at the bottom and at-the top, and a portable electrical heating element adapted to be positioned Within the lower end of the housing,

said heating element comprising a frame, a A

plurality ot' plates removably clamped in the frame defining passages therebetween, ard a Winding of resistance Wire concentrated near the end of each of the plates nearest the intake openings of the housing.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature.

EARL Wsmcmmn. 

